变应性鼻炎

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专科: 变态反应科 耳鼻喉科 儿科

标签: 变应性鼻炎

变应性鼻炎是鼻黏膜的过敏性炎症,主要为Ⅰ型变态反应。特征性症状包括鼻塞、鼻痒、打喷嚏、流鼻涕、鼻后滴。

定义

变应性鼻炎是指鼻黏膜的过敏性炎症(主要是Ⅰ型变态反应),特征性症状包括鼻塞、鼻痒、打喷嚏、流鼻涕、鼻后滴1。变应性鼻炎与变应性结膜炎经常共存,而且两者共享相同的变应原、发病机制,因此常常合称“变应性鼻-结膜炎”2
鼻黏膜与鼻窦黏膜是连续的,从病理组织学角度讲鼻炎与鼻窦炎很难明确区分,然而,临床上讲的“鼻窦炎”除了存在鼻窦黏膜炎症还需满足另外一些标准。符合这些标准的情况与变应性鼻炎的关系比较模糊,所以,“变应性鼻-鼻窦炎”这个概念仍有争议1

早期认识的变应性鼻炎,变应原多为花粉,曾称“花粉症”或“花粉热”3

流行病学

欧美报道的变应性鼻炎患病率大约在10%~20%4,而且大部分地区仍在上升5

病因

发病机制

参考文献


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  2. Bielory L. Allergic conjunctivitis and the impact of allergic rhinitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2010:122-134. DOI:10.1007/s11882-010-0087-1. PMID: 20425504. 

  3. Rumeau C. O Rose thou art sick… history of allergic rhinitis. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2023:323-324. DOI:10.1016/j.anorl.2023.10.002. PMID: 37839938. 

  4. Ozdoganoglu T, Songu M. The burden of allergic rhinitis and asthma. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2012:11-23. DOI:10.1177/1753465811431975. PMID: 22179899. 

  5. Asher MI, Montefort S, Björkstén B, Lai CK, Strachan DP, Weiland SK, Williams H, ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC Phases One and Three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys. Lancet. 2006:733-743. DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69283-0. PMID: 16935684.